合同翻譯的特點有什么？

  合同翻譯比其他文件更正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、復(fù)雜，還經(jīng)常涉及到一些專業(yè)術(shù)語，下面上海臻云人工翻譯機構(gòu)給大家分享合同翻譯的特點有什么?

  Contract translation is more formal, rigorous and complex than other documents, and often involves some professional terms. What are the characteristics of contract translation shared by Shanghai Zhenyun artificial translation agency?

  1.專業(yè)術(shù)語的使用

  1. Use of professional terms

  由于依法成立的商務(wù)合同是具有法律約束力的法律性文件，所以商務(wù)合同的擬定通常習(xí)慣使用法律詞語、合同術(shù)語，其意義單一、明確、無歧義，且不帶有感情色彩。

  Because the business contract established by law is a legal document with legal binding force, the drafting of business contract is usually used to use legal words and contract terms, which have a single, clear, unambiguous meaning and have no emotional color.

  2.書面語的使用

  2. Use of written language

  由于商務(wù)英語合同要對交易各方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)和行為準(zhǔn)則的準(zhǔn)確涵義和范圍進行直接而明確的規(guī)定，為此，商務(wù)英語合同常用書面用詞，以體現(xiàn)其正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈捏w特征。

  As the business English contract should directly and clearly stipulate the rights, obligations and the exact meaning and scope of the code of conduct of all parties involved in the transaction, the business English contract often uses written words to reflect its formal and rigorous stylistic features.

  3.同義詞、并列詞的使用

  3. Use of synonyms and juxtapositions

  國際商務(wù)合同力求正式而準(zhǔn)確，避免可能出現(xiàn)的誤解或分歧，所以同義詞(近義詞)并列的現(xiàn)象十分普遍。成對近義詞已當(dāng)做習(xí)慣用語來用，這些詞組都表示一些固定的含義，在合同寫作和翻譯時都不能隨意拆分，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的使用克服了由于英語詞一詞多意可能產(chǎn)生的語意不明、避免合同雙方按各自的意圖來理解合同條文，體現(xiàn)了英語合同語言的莊重和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。

  International business contracts strive to be formal and accurate, avoiding possible misunderstandings or differences, so the phenomenon of synonyms (synonyms) juxtaposition is very common. Pairs of synonyms have been used as idioms. These phrases all express some fixed meanings, which can't be separated at will in contract writing and translation. The use of this structure overcomes the ambiguity of meaning due to the multiple meanings of English words, and avoids both parties to understand the contract terms according to their own intentions, which reflects the solemnity and preciseness of the English contract language.

  4.古體語的使用

  4. Use of ancient Chinese

  商務(wù)合同語言的另外一個特點就是古語的頻繁使用。古語詞屬于具有正式用語風(fēng)格的詞，這些古英語詞匯不但可以避免用詞重復(fù)和文句過長而且還使合同語句簡練、準(zhǔn)確、有說服力。

  Another characteristic of business contract language is the frequent use of ancient language. Archaic words are words with formal language style. These archaic English words can not only avoid repetition of words and long sentences, but also make contract sentences concise, accurate and persuasive.

  5.情態(tài)動詞的使用

  5. Use of modal verbs

  合同的簽定目的是為了明確合同雙方的權(quán)利、義務(wù)和責(zé)任，以避免產(chǎn)生法律糾紛，所以在合同條款中大多是描述雙方“必須做的事情”、“允許做的事情”和“禁止做的事情”，因此，會經(jīng)常使用到shall，may，must，shallnot，maynot等情態(tài)動詞，這些詞除了用來表示將來時態(tài)外，在法律上更具有其特殊的意義，翻譯起來需要特別謹(jǐn)慎。Shall：在合同中一般用來表示合同上的義務(wù)(Obligation)即應(yīng)該做什么。如未履行，即視為違約，并承擔(dān)某種賠償責(zé)任。所以，shall在譯文里，通常表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”，May：在合同中一般用來表示合同上的權(quán)利(Right)、權(quán)限(Power)或特權(quán)(Privilege)即可以做什么。如果用來表示某種權(quán)利在法律上具有強制性，則多使用“beentitled”。Must：一般使用在有法律強制的情況下，即表示必須做什么，語氣和強制力要比shall強烈。Will：一般使用在沒有法律強制的情況下，用做表示承擔(dān)義務(wù)的聲明，語氣和強制力比Shall弱。Should：在合同中一般只用來表示語氣較弱的假設(shè)，多翻譯成“萬一”或“如果”，極少譯成“應(yīng)該”。Maynot(或shallnot)：在合同中一般用來表示禁止性的義務(wù)，即不能做什么。商務(wù)英語合同中的情態(tài)表達大多都屬于意態(tài)范疇而非情態(tài)范疇。限定性情態(tài)動詞的使用既簡潔又明了，避免避免了因合同條款的歧義而引起糾紛。

  The purpose of signing a contract is to clarify the rights, obligations and responsibilities of both parties to avoid legal disputes. Therefore, most of the contract terms describe the "must do", "allowed to do" and "prohibited to do" of both parties. Therefore, modal verbs such as "shall, may, must, shall not, maynot" are often used. In addition to these words, they are used to indicate that Besides the coming tense, it has its special significance in law, so it needs to be translated carefully. Shall: in a contract, it is generally used to express the obligations on the contract, that is, what should be done. If it fails to perform, it shall be deemed as a breach of contract and bear some liability for compensation. Therefore, in the translation, shall usually means "should" or "must", may: in the contract, it is generally used to indicate the right, power or privilege on the contract, that is, what can be done. If it is used to indicate that a certain right is legally compulsory, the word "beientitled" is often used. Must: it is generally used in the case of legal coercion, that is, to indicate what must be done. The tone and coercion are stronger than shall. Will: it is generally used as a declaration of commitment when there is no legal force. Its tone and force are weaker than that of will. Should: Generally speaking, in a contract, it is only used to express the hypothesis with weaker tone. Most of them are translated into "in case" or "if", but few into "should". Maynot (or shall not): generally used in contracts to express prohibited obligations, that is, what can not be done. Most of the modal expressions in Business English contracts belong to the category of intention rather than modality. The use of finite modal verbs is concise and clear, avoiding disputes caused by ambiguity of contract terms.

  6.縮略語的使用

  6. Use of abbreviations

  我們都知道，商務(wù)合同中經(jīng)常會使用一些國際上通用并認(rèn)可的縮略詞。因此如何正確翻譯商務(wù)中的縮略詞非常重要。

  As we all know, some internationally accepted abbreviations are often used in business contracts. Therefore, it is very important to translate abbreviations in business.

  但要注意：

  Note:

  (1)國家名稱可以縮寫，但街道名稱中的Road，Street等最好不要縮寫。

  (1) the country name can be abbreviated, but the road and street in the street name should not be abbreviated.

  (2)月份名和星期名最好不要縮寫，只有在列表時為了節(jié)省空間才縮寫。

  (2) it is better not to abbreviate the month name and the week name, only in order to save space when listing.

  (3)表示長度、重量、面積、體積等單位名稱，一般不用縮寫，只有在列表中與數(shù)字直接放在一起時才使用縮寫，且無單復(fù)數(shù)之分。

  (3) it refers to the name of length, weight, area, volume and other units. Generally, abbreviations are not used. Abbreviations are only used when they are directly put together with numbers in the list, and there is no singular or plural.